Wind Passes Water as US Renewable Energy Source
VOA News
February 09, 2017 9:05 PM Reuters (source)
Wind Passes Water as US Renewable Energy Source
美國再生能源:風力發電超越水力發電
February 09, 2017 9:05 PM
Reuters
Wind energy has surpassed hydropower as the biggest source of renewable electricity in the United States following the sector's second-biggest quarter ever for new installations, a wind industry trade group said Thursday.
Wind installations totaled 82,183 megawatts at the end of 2016, enough to power 24 million homes, the American Wind Energy Association said in its fourth-quarter market report.
By comparison, U.S. hydroelectric capacity is about 80,000 megawatts, according to the federal Energy Information Administration.
Big fourth quarter for wind
Wind installations soared to 6,478 MW in the fourth quarter, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all of last year's wind installations. The fourth quarter was the industry's largest for installed capacity since the fourth quarter of 2012.
The 8,303 MW added for the year represented more than .8 billion in investment.
Just three turbine makers — General Electric Co, Vestas Wind Systems A/S and Siemens AG — accounted for up to 95 percent of the U.S. turbine market in 2016.
Texas has more than 20 MW of installed wind capacity, or nearly a quarter of the market. Iowa is the second-biggest wind state, and Oklahoma overtook California for third place at the end of 2016.
The first offshore wind project in the United States also came online in the fourth quarter, the 30 MW Block Island wind farm off the coast of Rhode Island.
More wind power coming
More than 10,000 MW of wind is under construction in the United States, about half of which is in Texas. New Mexico's wind industry is growing rapidly, with 1,300 MW under construction. Once completed, those projects will double the size of New Mexico's installed wind capacity.
Corporations and others outside the utility industry have become major purchasers of wind energy, accounting for 39 percent of capacity contracted in 2016. Projects for Google, Amazon and General Motors were completed in the fourth quarter.
美國的一個風力產業協會(industry trade group)於週四(編按:新聞時間為2017年2月9日)表示,隨著風力產業史上第二大的風力機組(installation)的安裝旺季之後,風力能源已超越(surpass)水力能源,成為美國再生能源的最大宗。
美國風力能源協會(American Wind Energy Association, AWEA)在第四季的市場報告中指出,2016年年底風力機組產出的電能總量達(total)8,218.3萬瓩(82,183 MW),足以供給兩千四百萬戶的家庭使用。
(編按:臺灣生活中所習慣使用的電量相關單位是「瓩」,讀作「千瓦」,其英文縮寫為KW。「百萬瓦 (megawatt)」是「瓩」的一千倍,其縮寫為MW。本譯文以臺灣所熟悉的單位「瓩」來表示電量,再於其後標示「百萬瓦」(MW)。)
根據美國聯邦能源資訊署(Energy Information Administration, EIA)的統計數字,相較於風力發電,美國的水力發電(hydroelectric)產能(capacity)約為8,000萬瓩(80,000 MW)。
2016年第四季:風力產業的旺季
美國風力機組在2016第四季產出的電量上衝(soar)至647.8萬瓩(6,478 MW),占了(account for)2016年全部風力機組總產出電量的80%。這也是繼2012年的第四季之後,風力發電裝置容量(installed capacity)最大的一季。
(編按:「裝置容量」(installed capacity)是指發電機組與設備在特定條件下(通常是指最佳狀況)運轉的最大發電容量。)
此年度所增加的830.3萬瓩(8,303 MW)則代表著超過了一百三十八億美元的投資金額。
風力發電渦輪機(turbine)的製造商,奇異公司(General Electric Co)、維斯塔斯風力系統公司(Vestas Wind Systems A/S)和西門子公司(Siemens AG),這三家公司的渦輪機就占了美國2016年渦輪機市場的95%。
德州(Texas)風力發電的裝置容量超過2萬瓩(20 MW),約占其電力市場的四分之一。第二大者為愛荷華州(Iowa),而奧克拉荷馬州(Oklahoma)則於2016年的年底超越(overtake)了加州(California),成為風力發電的第三大州。
在羅德島州(Rhode Island)海岸外的布洛克島(Block Island)風力發電廠(wind farm)具備3萬瓩(30 MW)的產能,是美國首座的近海風電廠(offshore wind project/farm),亦已於2016年的第四季開始運作(online)。
風力發電仍持續成長
能生產超過1,000萬瓩(10, 000 MW)電力的風力發電工程目前仍在營建中(under construction),其中大約半數在德州(Texas)。風力發電產業在新墨西哥州(New Mexico)亦成長迅速,當地產能達130萬瓩(1,300 MW)的工程正在營建中。這些風力發電的工程一旦竣工,將提高新墨西哥州(New Mexico)風力發電的裝置容量至兩倍。
電力產業之外的企業與單位為風力發電的主要購電者,在2016年風力發電的契約購電占了39%。谷歌公司(Google)、亞馬遜公司(Amazon)與通用汽車公司(General Motors)的風力發電工程亦於2016年的第四季完工。
Language Notes
surpass [sɚ`pæs] (v) 超過,優於,勝過
installation (n) 安裝;設施
*本字的字根為動詞 "install"「安裝,設置」
total (v) 總數達;合計為
*本字亦常作名詞「總額,總數」或形容詞「總計的,總括的,全體的」
megawatt (n) 百萬瓦
*縮寫為MW,字首 "mega-" 指「百萬的」,亦常指「非常多的;巨大的」;watt (n) 瓦,瓦特
capacity (n) 容積,容量;生產能力
* "installed capacity" 為「裝置容量」,指發電設備在特定狀況中(通常是指最佳狀況下)所能夠產生的最大電量
turbine [`tɝbaɪn] (n) 渦輪機,葉輪機
*本字另一發音為[`tɝbən]
overtake (v)(數量或程度上)大於,超過
offshore (adj) 近海(的);離岸(的)
*本字亦可作副詞
online (adv)(工廠或系統等)開始運作
*本字不僅指「網際網路」的「上線狀態」,亦有新聞中的用法,指機器、設備、系統或某種服務等「加入整體系統,開始運作」的意思
under construction (prep phr) 建造中;營建中
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