9 Out of 10 Strokes Preventable

研究發現：九成的中風可以預防

Ninety percent of strokes could be prevented, according to a new study. Writing in The Lancet, researchers from Canada's McMaster University say 10 stroke risk factors “that can be modified are responsible for nine of 10 strokes worldwide.”

       根據一項新的研究發現，百分之九十的中風是可以預防的。加拿大麥克馬斯特大學的研究發表於《刺胳針》，其研究人員表示：「全世界百分之九十的中風病例皆是由十個可改變的危險因子所導致而來。」

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9 Out of 10 Strokes Preventable
VOA News
Last updated on: July 18, 2016 2:02 PM (source) 

9 Out of 10 Strokes Preventable

研究發現：九成的中風可以預防

July 18, 2016 2:02 PM

Ninety percent of strokes could be prevented, according to a new study.

Writing in The Lancet, researchers from Canada's McMaster University say 10 stroke risk factors "that can be modified are responsible for nine of 10 strokes worldwide."

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 800,000 Americans suffer from strokes each year, making it the fifth leading cause of death.

There are two types of stroke, ischaemic strokes caused by blood clots and accounts for 85 percent of strokes, while hemorrhagic strokes or bleeding into the brain account for 15 percent of strokes.

The researchers say that by eliminating hypertension alone, the number of strokes could be nearly halved. The occurrence of stroke could be cut by a further 36 percent with more physical activity and by 19 percent by eating a more healthy diet. Reducing alcohol and tobacco intake also reduces the likelihood of strokes, as does reducing stress, researchers said.

Other factors included diabetes, obesity, heart conditions and cholesterol.

"This study has the size and scope to explore stroke risk factors in all major regions of the world and within key populations," said Martin O'Donnell, a study co-lead.

"We have confirmed the 10 modifiable risk factors associated with 90 percent of stroke cases in all regions, young and older and in men and women. The study also confirms that hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor in all regions, and the key target in reducing the burden of stroke globally."

The researchers based their findings on data from nearly 27,000 people from around the world.

The role of each risk factor varied by region. For example hypertension was more of a risk in Southeast Asia than in North America.

These findings underscored previous research from the study, which identified risk factors associated with stroke among 6,000 subjects in 22 countries.

"Our findings will inform the development of global population-level interventions to reduce stroke, and how such programs may be tailored to individual regions, as we did observe some regional differences in the importance of some risk factors by region," according to study author , a professor at the Population Health Research Institute at McMaster University.

"This includes better health education, more affordable healthy food, avoidance of tobacco and more affordable medication for hypertension and dyslipidaemia."

根據一項新的研究發現，百分之九十的中風(stroke)是可以預防的。

加拿大麥克馬斯特大學(McMaster University)的研究發表於《刺胳針》(The Lancet)，其研究人員表示：「全世界百分之九十的中風病例皆是由十個可改變(modify)的危險因子所導致而來。」（編按：《刺胳針》(The Lancet)為具有同行評審性質(peer review)之醫學期刊。）

據美國疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，常縮寫為CDC)估計，每年約有八十萬的美國人中風(suffer from strokes)，是全美第五大死亡原因。

中風可分為兩類型：由血塊(blood clot)引起的缺血性中風(ischaemic stroke)，占總數的85% 的比例(account for . . .)，而出血性中風(hemorrhagic stroke)或腦部出血則占15%。

研究人員表示，僅透過消除高血壓(hypertension)這項危險因子，中風的數量就約可減少一半(halve)。多運動和更健康的飲食習慣則能再進一步減少36%和19%的中風發生(occurrence)。研究人員同時表示，減少菸(tobacco)酒的攝取量也能降低中風的可能性，減輕壓力亦然。

其他危險因子還包括糖尿病、肥胖、心臟相關疾病(condition)和膽固醇(cholesterol)。

此研究的共同主持人馬丁‧歐唐納(Martin O’Donnell)表示：「這項研究具有的規模和範圍(scope)足以探究世界各主要地區和關鍵族群裡導致中風的危險因子。」

「我們已證實在各地的年輕人和年長者，以及男性與女性中，百分之九十的中風病例是與十個可改變的(modifiable)危險因子有關。研究亦證實，高血壓在各地皆是最重大的可改變的危險因子，因而要減輕中風在全球造成的負擔，控制高血壓會是主要的目標。」

研究人員以全球近兩萬七千人的數據資料得出此研究結果。

每項危險因子的影響程度則會因地區而不同(vary)。舉例來說，相較於北美洲，高血壓在東南亞所造成的風險較高。

在前一個對於中風的多國研究(the INTERSTROKE study)中，從二十二個國家的六千名研究對象(subject)上發現了與中風有關的危險因子，而這次的研究發現亦強調(underscore)了此研究結果。

麥克馬斯特大學人口健康研究所(Population Health Research Institute)的薩利姆‧尤斯夫(Salim Yusuf)教授是本研究報告的作者，根據其說法：「我們的研究發現不僅能提供資訊來發展全球人口等級之干預計畫(intervention)，減少中風發生，也可為個別地區量身訂做(tailor)干預計畫，因為我們也確實觀察到，因地區的不同，各中風危險因子的重要性存在區域性差異。」

「干預計畫的內容包括更好的健康教育、價格親民的健康食物、避免菸害，以及人們負擔得起的高血壓和血脂異常(dyslipidaemia)的藥物治療(medication)。」