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Americans can now eat eggs guilt free, according to new nutritional recommendations issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services.

In the first guidelines issued since 2011 the government also gave the green light to other high cholesterol foods, and drinking up to five cups of coffee a day.

In 1977, the guidelines had recommended avoiding cholesterol, which negatively impacted egg sales.

"The U.S. has joined many other countries and expert groups like the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology that do not have an upper limit for cholesterol intake in their dietary guidelines," said Mitch Kanter, the Executive Director of the Egg Nutrition Center, an egg advocacy group.

The recommendations also said Americans should limit their daily caloric intake of sugars to 10 percent, a first.

Calories coming from saturated fats found in foods like red meat, butter, cheese, whole milk and ice cream should also be limited to 10 percent, according to the guidelines.

Diet shift

Overall the guidelines suggest that Americans move away from a diet centered around animal proteins and mov[e] to more plant-based meals. Not only would this be better for people, but by eating more fruits, vegetables and nuts, there would be less environmental pressure on the planet, say the guidelines.

In another first, the recommendations no longer suggest eating breakfast as a way to stay fit.

Dropping the warning of cholesterol was seen by critics of the recommendations as a prime example of giving advice on something that was later proven not to be true.

Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said Wednesday recommendations change with scientific knowledge, but have been consistent in recommending eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains, while eating less saturated fat, sodium and foods high in sugar.

The government guidelines are issued every five years and help set nutritional standards for school lunch programs and federal food aid.


根據美國農業部和衛生與公眾服務部所頒布的新營養(nutritional)建議，美國人現在吃雞蛋可以免於不安了(guilt free)。

在這份繼2011年後第一次發佈的方針中，美國政府也放行(give the green light to . . .)了其他的高膽固醇食物(high cholesterol food)，一日的咖啡飲用量亦能多達(up to)5杯。

1977年的方針中曾建議民眾要避免膽固醇，因此對雞蛋的銷售造成負面影響(negatively impact . . .)。

食用雞蛋的倡導組織(advocacy group)──雞蛋營養中心的執行主任米奇‧坎特爾說：「美國現在加入了許多其他國家和專家團體的行列，像美國心臟協會和美國心臟病學(cardiology)學院，在這些專家團體訂定的膳食指南中，膽固醇的攝取量都沒有上限的限制(an upper limit)。」

該飲食建議也首次指出，美國人應該把每日糖的熱量(caloric)攝取限制在一日總熱量的 10% 內。

根據這份指導方針的建議，來自飽和脂肪(saturated fat)的熱量，如紅肉、奶油、起司、全脂牛奶(whole milk)和冰淇淋等食物，也應限制在 10% 內。

飲食轉變

整體而言(overall)，指導方針建議美國人從動物性蛋白為中心的飲食習慣轉往更多以植物為主的飲食。指導方針上也說明，多吃水果、蔬菜和堅果不僅對人有好處，也會減少對地球環境的壓力。

建議中亦首次不再明確表示吃早餐為保持健康(stay fit)的方式。

批評者認為，此飲食建議會給予大眾一些後來被證明為不適切的建議，像是本次除去了有關於膽固醇的警告即是一個極佳的例子(a prime example)。

衛生與公眾服務部長希薇亞‧包威爾和農業部長湯姆‧維薩克於週三時表示，飲食建議會隨著科學知識而改變，但多吃水果、蔬菜和全穀類(whole grain)， 少吃飽和脂肪、鈉和高糖份食物，是一致不變的(consistent)建議。

美國政府的飲食方針每五年發行一次，可協助學校的午餐計畫與聯邦政府的糧食援助制定營養標準(set standards for . . .)。