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No. 73  Sep 2023
 
   
   
   
   

 

 

編輯報告
EDITOR'S REPORT

 

  本期範文賞析(SPOTLIGHT)節錄本中心趙雄健老師的演講內容 ,探討論文原創性的學術倫理議題,除了點出學術研究的原創意義,也分析了避免抄襲爭議的引註原則與改述方式。本期另新增〈小故事,大世界〉(Tell a story, Make a change)專欄。「小故事,大世界」( Storytelling and Communication for Social Change and Leadership)為本中心的熱門課程,旨為引領學生關注自身生活經驗或世界大事,針對其進行批判性思考,並以「說故事」的方式重述自身想法,以此產生感染力、或進行自我療癒。專欄中分享這堂課的學生作品,帶領讀者們一起換位思考。讀者園地(PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS)分享眾所矚目的3MT三分鐘英語學術簡報競賽開跑消息,以及112-1學期寫作教學中心提供的AI寫作諮詢服務、一對一寫作急診室諮詢服務,和四場學術相關演講活動,歡迎讀者踴躍參與。
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省思醒語
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
 
 
“The secret of it all, is to write in the gush, the throb, the flood, of the moment – to put things down without deliberation – without worrying about their style – without waiting for a fit time or place. I always worked that way. I took the first scrap of paper, the first doorstep, the first desk, and wrote – wrote, wrote… By writing at the instant the very heartbeat of life is caught.”
 

– Walt Whitman

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範文賞析
SPotlight

  演講摘記
打擊「抄襲」、維護「原創」:文獻探討的終極教戰守策
 

 

日期:2023年5月24日
講題:打擊「抄襲」、維護「原創」:文獻探討的終極教戰守策
講者:國立臺灣大學寫作教學中心兼任講師 趙雄健
紀錄者:詹圓圓(寫作教學中心教學助理)
編修:趙雄健老師

 

       學術倫理是近年的熱門話題,隨處可見大眾討論。因此,寫作教學中心特別邀請趙雄健老師和臺大學生分享關於論文原創性的相關議題,其中包含學術研究的原創意義、引註原則與改述方式,以及文獻探討的寫作策略。

 

一、學術研究的原創意義
       首先,趙老師希望讓我們思考一下:學術論文究竟是什麼?研究若是為了探索新的知識,那麼論文則是工具,其實也就是知識載體。既然如此,研究的問題意識就在論文的原創性(originality)中,而原創性又來自於新觀點、新方法,或新材料。為了具備原創性,研究者在形塑問題意識時往往必須進行細緻的文獻探討,以確立研究空間、整合歸納既有成果。需要強調的是,唯有帶著批判思考的視角閱讀前行文獻,我們才有可能從既存知識中推導出新的發現。

 

二、引註原則與改述方式
       接著,趙老師旋即開始介紹學術倫理的相關內容,例如常見的寫作規範。同學需要根據系所規定或投稿期刊選擇對應的格式。不符合這些規定的行為即是不當行為,包括資料搜集程序不當、捏造竄改與變造研究資料、抄襲與剽竊、不當之作者定義與不當掛名等等。簡單來說,抄襲與剽竊形式上的定義為:「使用他人想法、資料、用語而沒有註明出處」;而老師進一步解釋「刻意的抄襲就是剽竊,但無意的抄襲也不被允許」。根據嚴謹的學術倫理,每當寫作過程需要引用時,正文必須確實引註出處,而參考書目中也必須標示相符的來源。其中,唯一無須註明的特殊狀況是——當這項資訊已經成為專業領域中的公共知識時。另外,只要使用他人研究,作者應採取「引述(cite)」、「改述(paraphrase)」或「摘寫(summarize)」等其中一種方式,以避免抄襲與剽竊。趙老師不斷強調「引用文獻只是研究的起點,而能善用文獻且從事深刻的分析以展示獨特見解才是關鍵」。

 

三、文獻探討的寫作策略
       趙老師繼而表示,論文「文獻探討」的章節初始多半會出現一段引言,以定義討論範圍、聚焦主題並排除無關的文獻。在評述文獻的實際過程中,作者必須呈現文獻之間的邏輯關係以表達自身立場,並嘗試建立前人文獻與自身論文的學術連結。對此,趙老師生動地形容:「同學要像導遊介紹景點般,練習用自己的觀點描述該領域的動態發展,並使用相關文獻作為證據」。由此可見,透過文獻探討呈現論文原創性其實有兩個目的。一方面承認既有成果,另一方面突顯研究創新。至於建立連結的寫作技巧,老師建議同學善用語氣詞和連接詞,以引導讀者觀察學術演進的邏輯脈絡。另外,靈活運用動詞亦可使讀者更好地理解論文的思路和觀點。

 

       最後趙老師也回應了演講一開始提出的問題——問題意識與文獻探討的先後順序。老師強調文獻探討可概分為兩大階段:第一階段旨在了解研究現況,並形塑問題意識及產生研究假設;第二階段則是針對特定文獻進行批判閱讀與分析,且建立自身研究與其他論文的連結,從而回應問題意識。

 

       總而言之,文獻探討即是從各方面確保論文的原創程度及其學術價值。符合規定的引述方式方能避免涉及抄襲和剽竊等不當行為;同時,精心設計的寫作策略亦可有效運用前人文獻。唯有尊重學術倫理的研究成果才有辦法突破既有知識的疆界,繼而替人類創造更偉大的科技與文明。
 
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小故事,大世界
tell A story, make a change

       本文摘自修課學生作品 

Be Quiet

Wanna play a game?
There's no choice for you. You are already in the game. It is a game called "Be Quiet." And you know what? I am really good at it. Age 6, I got 100 points from the scorekeeper. "S-H-Y" was there lying on the blank of Teacher's Comment. When I was in a new environment, I was willing to meet new friends, but I was also afraid to talk to other kids. Especially boys. Not because someone was handsome, it was just because I didn't know him well. It was such a strange feeling, as if two people lived in my brain at the same time, and the timid one always beats the brave one. So I guess I was just not an extrovert, but that's alright. Being quiet didn't bother at all. Actually, I felt grateful. It made me a winner. 60,000 points I've got, and I could easily imagine me winning the game of "Be Quiet."
 
Be Quiet is a slogan for all students from elementary school to
high school.
It's a label fit for me as a straight-A student.
It's a nice attitude that every adult appreciates.
 
Since it was such a great characteristic, why would I change?

Time slipped by. Age 16, 60,000 points. I started finding out an interesting phenomenon. Some people got points easier than I did. The game wasn't all about being quiet anymore. Some special ways to earn points were added. Talkative? 1,000 points. Humorous? 2,000 points. This was a good reason for me to change, but not good enough. Being quiet was still a good way to earn points then. Playing safe was alright—it was alright until I met him. Age 16, a boy crashed my system I built for over 10 years. He was a rule breaker, a threat to my strategy, and a trap. Usually, I was poker-faced, calm, and independent. But how come every time I was with him, I shifted myself to a little girl? Gosh. It was so disgusting. I was always smiling, emotional, and dependent. Cuz I wanna be closer with him, I forgot to be shy. I didn't feel awkward when I was kidding with him. He must be an enemy to attack my fortress, but why did I actually feel safe, like he was a knight to protect me? I was even thinking about us going to the same college, sharing our lives as usual. I put him in my schedule for future years without realizing it. Well, there was no sweet ending, but that's another story.

My point is, there's always someone telling us that we need to be brave and challenge ourselves. But how do we break through? Where do we find the courage? Speaking from my own experience—we shouldn't force it! At some points of our lives, we are bound to face obstacles and change ourselves in order to survive. Life always finds its way and each of us will eventually face our own demon. So before all these happen, don't panic and be patient. And when the time comes, you will have three options: log out of the game, break rules, or stay still. I had my first challenge at the age of 16, and I made a choice. Are you ready to make yours?

Shhhhh. Don't tell anyone. Be quiet. Listen to the voices in your head. Do you hear them? 1,000,000 points for your first conversation with yourself!

讀者園地
PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS
 
         《3MT@NTU 預備「七」!》
 
 
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第七屆三分鐘英語學術簡報競賽
 
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上一屆的 3MT@NTU,共有 9 國國籍,來自北、中、南區 10 所大學、14 個學術領域的研究生報名參賽,決賽之夜更有超過 550 名觀眾到場觀賽,為選手加油,戰況精彩熱烈。今年,第七屆 3MT 競賽熱請邀請全國碩博士生,走出研究室,搖滾研究魂!

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重要時程:
賽前講堂(英文): 2023.10.27 / 10:20-11:50
賽前講堂(中文): 2023.10.27 / 13:20-14:50
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決賽: 11.30 (Thurs.)
 
 
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